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(詳細はYakutia, Arctic Siberia, Russia: an immense and little known territory of Siberia and the largest sub-national governing body by area in the world, notorious for being the ancestral grounds of the mammoths and its inhabitants. == Discovery== The head of the woolly mammoth, entirely covered with skin and very well-preserved, was first discovered in 2002. After hearing about the discovery, a polar explorer carried out the expedition with his team to extract the remains from the permafrost. One of the members of the team was the French polar explorer - Bernard Buigues - famous for carrying out expeditions to the North Pole, Siberia since the 1990's and is a proclaimed "Mammoth-Hunter".〔 It took three excavation trips to gather and put the Yukagir fossil together. Although mammoth fossils are not a rarity around the world, few are as spectacular as this specimen from Northern Yakutia. The discovery of the Yukagir Mammoth - a nickname for the male frozen adult of the woolly mammoth specimen - is one of the greatest paleontological discoveries of all times as it revealed that woolly mammoths had temporal glands between the ear and the eye〔 and the well-preserved remains of the adult male Yukagir Mammoth, such as the foot, shows that the soles of the feet contained many cracks that would have helped in gripping surfaces during locomotion. Like modern elephants, woolly mammoths walked on their toes and had large, fleshy pads behind the toes . Among other discoveries, the Yukagir Mammoth showed that the species had suffered from spondylitis in two vertebrae, and osteomyelitis is also known from some specimens. Several specimens have healed bone fractures, showing that the animals had survived these injuries. The woolly mammoth's permafrost tomb preserved its head, tusks, front legs, and parts of its stomach and intestinal tract. From its bones and enormous tusks, the scientists who rushed to the site (including mammoth experts Dick Mol and Larry Agenbroad) guessed that the woolly mammoth was an old male that when alive stood over nine feet tall at the shoulder and weighed four to five tons. Furthermore, scientists were able to discover that the main component of the Yukagir's final meal was grass, including stems from the Poaceae family. Remarkably, like many of the dung's floral remains, the stems have retained their color and shape ever since the woolly mammoth tore them from the tundra roughly 22,500 years ago. Based on the Yukagir Mammoth's last meal, scientists were enabled to discover facts about the elephant's ancestors and conduct an environmental reconstruction and fungi's importance in the process of nutrient cycling in the mammoth steppe. The following types of research were agreed upon at the meeting of the Scientific Council: * Geological and pedological surveys of the site, as well as research on the process of fossilization; * Research on the external structures of the mammoth, as well as on the internal structures using nondamaging methods; * Histological, cytological, and genetic research on the mammoth's soft tissue; * Paleobotanical and paleoclimatologic analysis; * Microbiological research on the soil and the inside of the mammoth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yukagir mammoth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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